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Safety
ANNOUNCEMENT: In an effort to further address urgent safety and health problems facing Americans in the workplace, OSHA is implementing a new Severe Violator Enforcement Program (SVEP) and increasing civil penalty amounts. This new program is intended to focus OSHA enforcement resources on employers who endanger workers by demonstrating indifference to their responsibilities under the law. This additional enforcement tool includes increased OSHA inspections in these worksites, including mandatory OSHA follow-up inspections, and inspections of other worksites of the same employer where similar hazards and deficiencies may be present. For more information, visit: osha.gov/dep/svep-directive.pdf. OTHER LINKS: State of California - OSHA Crane Standards Presentation 2010
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Rock-Drilled Shafts
Energy principles are applied to the analysis of rock joints in order to determine the shear strength of dilatant joints.
There is currently much debate on how best to predict axial capacity of drilled shafts in soft rock. A review of design methods is presented to provide possible alternatives to current practice.
The unrelated empirical relationships developed for soil and rock led to considerable uncertainty in the design of piles in intermediate materials such as hard soils or soft rocks. A new method for predicting the shaft resistance of piles socketed into rock, and based on fundamental principles, is outlined.
Construction and design of drilled shaft foundations in hard pinnacle limestone requires flexibility from all parties involved due to the variability of the subsurface conditions. This article describes some strategies which have been found useful in the Birmingham, Alabama area.
The findings of this instrumented drilled shaft study offer good news for high-density builders in south Florida. Full scale instrumented load tests in the Miami area and on Singer Island have demonstrated the technical viability of drilled shafts as a foundation alternative for south Florida. This paper describes the composition of the subsurface conditions and the testing that supports the design of high-capacity drilled shafts as a realistic alternative for solving future foundation problems in Florida.
Dispels major misconceptions in engineering practice regarding the relative suitability of rock masses for the support of structures. This paper offers an understanding of the complexity and viability of rock masses that allows for a rational approach to the design of foundations bearing on or socketed into discontinuous rock.
This monograph by a leading Southeastern geotechnical engineer is a must read. It focuses on the specifics of contractual conflicts that arise out of poor specifications and poorer communication. It also deals with problems of "pay for rock" and the importance of the proper inspection procedures of drilled shafts. Although the area covered is the Southeastern United States, the issues are universal.
This paper describes the results of 36 shaft-only static load tests carried out in moderately weathered siltstone.
The shaft resistance of a drilled pier in soft rock is heavily influenced by the roughness of the interface between the concrete forming the pier and the surrounding rock mass. It is of paramount importance, therefore, that the shear behaviour of this interface is understood. This paper describes a fourth generation, fully computer controlled, direct shear apparatus to study the behaviour of these interfaces.
This paper describes the results of laboratory direct shear tests conducted on concrete/rock interfaces under a range of conditions appropriate to bored piles in weak siltstone. In particular, the effects of bonding and wall smear are investigated.
This is the documentation of a FHWA study to observe the load transfer mechanisms of drilled shafts in pinnacled limestone. Measurements began immediately after concrete was poured, and continue through the service life of the structure to obtain the entire load deformation history. The instrumentation was designed to measure the relative contribution of skin friction and tip capacity as structural loads were applied to the shaft.
This paper updates and addresses the limitations of older models formulated to predict the behavior of rough rock joints. This new joint model is capable of capturing the basic mechanisms of movement and makes reasonably accurate predictions of shear displacement behavior. The model relies on the knowledge of the joint roughness and a few easily determined basic rock properties.
This paper describes the theoretical aspects of a new approach to the prediction of drilled pier performance in rock, and introduces a new computer program called "Rocket".
Research at Monash University, Adelaide, Australia, has been directed at understanding and modeling the complex mechanisms of shear transfer at the interface between the socketed piles and the surrounding rock. A computer program called "Rocket" has been developed which encompasses all aspects of the Monash rock-socket research. Its use is described in this research report.
The Eagle Ford formation of north central Texas is a geologic formation in which many structures are founded, primarily on drilled shafts. While it is a soft, argillaceous rock, its behavior in the development of unit shaft perimeter load transfer (or "skin friction") is quite different from other extensively studied soft, argillaceous rock formations. Results of six full-scaled compression loading tests at four sites in the Dallas area are considered.
The use of an expansive cement admixture to increase drilled pier performance in rock is discussed.
Drilled shaft foundations are largely used in karst areas due to their economy and reliability, but limited data on the response is available from load tests or in-service shafts. When a new Engineering Building was built at the University of Tennessee at Knoxville, instrumentation was installed in an on-going project to observe the load transfer mechanisms of drilled shaft foundations in this geologic setting.
This doctoral dissertation was undertaken to investigate the influence of a horizontal soft layer on the side resistance of piers socketed into weak rocks. The investigation included small-scale tests in the laboratory, complemented with available results from good-quality full-scale tests.
Results of a ten-year extensive study into the engineering properties and performance of weak or soft rock. Use of a specially designed retrievable test rig provided an economic method of obtaining reliable information in a full scale socket.
Results of a study to determine the effectiveness of transferring silo loads to the underlying limestone in Dade County, Florida, by using drilled shafts utilizing skin friction.
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